故事有什麼人物英語

1. 名人故事英文版帶翻譯（簡單的）！！

1、《文天祥少年正氣》

南宋末年著名的民族英雄文天祥少年時生活困苦，在好心人的幫助下才有機會讀書。

Wen Tianxiang, a famous national hero in the late Southern Song Dynasty, lived in hardship when he was a teenager, and only with the help of good-hearted people did he have the opportunity to read.

一次，文天祥被有錢的同學誤會是小偷，他據理力爭，不許別人踐踏自己的尊嚴，終於證明了自己的清白，而且通過這件事，更加樹立了文天祥金榜題名的志向。

Once, Wen Tianxiang was misunderstood as a thieves by wealthy classmates. He argued that he was not allowed to be trampled on his dignity, and finally proved his innocence. Through this incident, Wen Tianxiang's ambition to be named in the gold roll was set up.

2、《陳平忍辱苦讀書》

陳平西漢名相，少時家貧，與哥哥相依為命。

Chen Ping, a famous minister in the Western Han Dynasty, lived in poverty when he was young and depended on his brother.

為了秉承父命，光耀門庭，不事生產，閉門讀書，卻為大嫂所不容，為了消弭兄嫂的矛盾，面對一再羞辱，隱忍不發。

In order to uphold his father's fate, glorify his family, do not proce and study behind closed doors, he was not tolerated by his sister-in-law. In order to eliminate the contradiction between his brother and sister-in-law, he faced repeated humiliation and hiding.

隨著大嫂的變本加厲，終於忍無可忍，出走離家，欲浪跡天涯，被哥哥追回後，又不計前嫌，阻兄休嫂，在當地傳為美談。

With the increasing cost of his sister-in-law, he finally could not bear to leave home, wandering around the world, was recovered by his brother, regardless of past suspicions, to stop his brother and sister-in-law, in the local spread as a beautiful talk.

終有一老著，慕名前來，免費收徒授課，學成後，輔佐劉邦，成就了一番霸業。

Eventually, as an old man, Muming came to teach free apprenticeship. After learning, he assisted Liu Bang and achieved some hegemonic career.

3、《陸羽棄佛從文》

唐朝著名學者陸羽，從小是個孤兒，被智積禪師撫養長大。

Lu Yu, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, was raised by Zen Master Zhiji as an orphan.

陸羽雖身在廟中，卻不願終日誦經念佛,而是喜歡吟讀詩書。陸羽執意下山求學，遭到了禪師的反對。

Although Lu Yu was in the temple, he did not want to recite Buddhist sutras and chant Buddhas all day long, but preferred to recite poetry and books. Lu Yu persisted in going downhill to study, which was opposed by Zen master.

禪師為了給陸羽出難題，同時也是為了更好地教育他，便叫他學習沖茶。

In order to solve Lu Yu's problems and ecate him better, Zen Master asked him to learn how to make tea.

在鑽研茶藝的過程中，陸羽碰到了一位好心的老婆婆，不僅學會了復雜的沖茶的技巧，更學會了不少讀書和做人的道理。

In the process of studying tea art, Lu Yu met a kind wife. She not only learned the complicated skills of making tea, but also learned a lot of principles of reading and being a man.

當陸羽最終將一杯熱氣騰騰的苦丁茶端到禪師面前時，禪師終於答應了他下山讀書的要求。後來，陸羽撰寫了廣為流傳的《茶經》，把祖國的茶藝文化發揚光大!

When Lu Yu finally brought a cup of steaming Kuding tea to Zen Master, Zen Master finally agreed to his request to go down to study. Later, Lu Yu wrote the widely circulated "Tea Classic" to carry forward the tea culture of the motherland.

4、《少年包拯學斷案》

包拯包青天，自幼聰穎，勤學好問，尤喜推理斷案，其家父與知縣交往密切，包拯從小耳濡目染，學會了不少的斷案知識。

Bao Zheng Bao Qingtian was smart, diligent and inquisitive since childhood. He especially liked reasoning and judging cases. His father had close contact with Zhixian County. Bao Zheng learned a lot of knowledge about judging cases from childhood.

尤其在焚廟殺僧一案中，包拯根據現場的蛛絲馬跡，剝繭抽絲。

Especially in the case of burning temples and killing monks, Bao Zheng, according to the spider tracks on the scene, stripped cocoons and drew silk.

排查出犯罪嫌疑人後，又假扮閻王，審清事實真相，協助知縣緝拿兇手，為民除害。

After identifying the suspects, he pretended to be the King of Yan and tried to find out the truth, helping Zhixian to arrest the murderers and kill the people.

他努力學習律法刑理知識，為長大以後斷案如神，為民伸冤，打下了深厚的知識基礎。

He worked hard to learn the knowledge of law and punishment, and laid a solid knowledge foundation for judging cases and defending people's grievances when he grew up.

5、《林則徐對聯立志》

林則徐小時候就天資聰慧，兩次機會下，作了兩幅對聯，這兩幅對聯表達了林則徐的遠大志向。

When Lin Zexu was a child, he was talented and wise. He made two couplets under two opportunities. These two couplets expressed Lin Zexu's ambition.

林則徐不僅敢於立志，而且讀書刻苦，長大後成就了一番大事業，受到了後世的敬仰。

Lin Zexu not only dared to make a decision, but also studied hard. When he grew up, he made great achievements and was admired by later generations.

2. 格林童話中的所有故事的英文名

1、Snow White白雪公主

白雪公主（Snow White）是廣泛流行於歐洲的一個童話故事中的人物，其中最著名的故事版本見於德國1812年的《格林童話》。講述了白雪公主受到繼母皇後（格林兄弟最初手稿中為生母）的虐待，逃到森林裡，遇到七個小矮人的故事。

2、Little red riding hood、Little Red小紅帽

小紅帽是德國童話作家格林的童話《小紅帽》中的人物。「小紅帽」的故事版本多達一百多個，小紅帽最早的結局是被邪惡的野狼吞噬。後來，在格林兄弟筆下，勇敢的獵人殺死大野狼，救出了小紅帽。在晚近的版本中，又成了小紅帽用剪刀剪破大野狼的肚皮，自己拯救了自己。

3、La Belle au bois dormant睡美人

《林中睡美人》通稱《睡美人》，在《格林童話》中稱《玫瑰公主》，是一則經典歐洲童話。作為原始書面文學的故事，最早是查爾斯·貝洛在1697年發表，小說起源可以上溯到比這更早的中世紀小說《佩塞福雷傳奇》《沃爾松格傳說》。

4、The Frog Prince青蛙王子

《青蛙王子》取自於格林童話中的第一個故事。它是世界童話的經典之作，自問世以來，在世界各地影響十分廣泛。也有單獨以青蛙王子作為單篇故事的叢書。至今已有超過百種語言的譯本，上百種不同版本，以及許多戲劇、電影、電視劇、動畫等改編作品。

5、Candy house糖果屋

《糖果屋》出自《格林童話》，作者是德國的格林兄弟。講述的是韓塞爾和格雷特兄妹被繼母扔在大森林中，迷路的他們來到了女巫的糖果屋，被抓並差點被吃掉，但憑借機智與勇氣，兩人最終脫離魔掌的故事。

3. 有關雷鋒的故事，英文版的

1、冒雨護送母子回家

英文版：

One evening, there was heavy rain in the world. Lei Feng saw a woman holding a child in her arms and holding a child in her hand. She still carried a baggage and walked step by step in the heavy rain.

Lei Feng was busy in front of the inquiries, only to know that the big man came back from the field to visit relatives, to go to the scorpion ditch more than a dozen miles away, she said anxiously: "Comrade, today, the rain has cast me confused, and this Child, I cried and cried too home!"

Lei Feng put the raincoat on the big cockroach, and picked up the older child to go to the scorpion ditch in the rain, preferring to drench themselves and not let them suffer. They have been walking for more than two hours before they send the mother and child safely home.

中文翻譯：

一天傍晚，天下起大雨，雷鋒見公路上一位婦女懷里抱著一個小孩，手裡還拉著一個小孩，身上還背著包袱，在嘩嘩的大雨中一步一滑地走著。

雷鋒忙上前一打聽，才知道這位大嫂從搏纖睜外地探親歸來，要去豎握十幾里外的樟子溝去，她著急地說：「同志啊，今天雨都把我澆迷糊了，這還有孩子，我哭也哭不到家啊！」

雷鋒把雨衣披在大嫂身上，抱起那個大一點的孩子冒雨朝樟子溝走去，寧願自己淋得透濕，也不讓她們受罪。他們一直走了兩個多小時，才把那對母子安全送到家。

2、特殊的星期天

英文版：

One Sunday in the early summer of 1960, Lei Feng had a terrible stomachache. He came to the regiment and prescribed some medicine.When the medicine was dispensed, a construction site was being constructed in full swing. It was originally built for Benxi Road Primary School.

There are several empty cars beside the water shed. Lei Feng pushes up and goes to the bricks. Miss broadcasters learned about the situation to interview him and asked him why he came, what he called and which army.

He said: "I am a contribution to the socialist construction, and I, like everyone, as long as I have done a little bit of their own obligations, is also a contribution to do." Without leaving his name, he went on to work.

中文翻譯：

一九六零年初夏的一個星期天，雷鋒肚子疼得很厲害，他來到團部衛生連開了些葯。開葯回來後，見一個建築工地上正熱火朝天地進行施工，原來是給本溪路小學蓋大樓。

燒基歲水棚旁有幾輛空車，雷鋒推起一輛就走，加入到運磚的行列中去。廣播員小姐得知情況去采訪他，問他為什麼來，叫什麼，哪個部隊的。

他說：「我是為社會主義建設添磚加瓦，我和大家一樣，只要盡了自己的一點義務，也算是有一份力盡一份力。」沒有留下自己的姓名就接著幹活去了。

3、可敬的「傻子」

英文版：

In August 1960, when the flood occurred in Fushun, the transportation was connected to the order of flood fighting and rescue. Lei Feng enred the pain of his burned hands and fought seven days and seven nights with his comrades in battle at the dam of Shangsi Reservoir. He broke his nails and got a second-class record.

Wanghua District held a large-scale proction appeal and mobilization conference, the momentum is very strong, Lei Feng on the street to see this scene, he took out the passbook in the factory and the army saved 200 yuan, ran to the office of the Party Committee District to donate to contribute to the construction of the motherland,。

中文翻譯：

一九六零年八月，駐地撫順發洪水，運輸連接到了抗洪搶險的命令，雷鋒忍著剛剛參加救火被燒傷的手的疼痛又和戰友們在上寺水庫大壩連續奮戰了七天七夜，把手指甲都弄破了，被記了一次二等功。

望花區召開了大生產號召動員大會，聲勢很大，雷鋒上街辦事正好看到這個場面，他取出存摺上在工廠和部隊攢的200元錢，跑到望花區黨委辦公室要捐獻出來，為建設祖國做點貢獻。

4、孩子知心人

英文版：

After October 1960, Lei Feng served as an outside counselor of Jianjie Primary School (today's Leifeng Primary School) and Benxi Road Primary School in Fushun City.

Lei Feng usually works and studies very busy. He can only use his lunch break or rainy days when he can not get out of the car to ask for leave to go to school to find teachers, talk to classmates, or other counseling activities.

He is good at uniting children, inspiring them to study hard and make progress every day. Through Lei Feng's patience, Jianjianlu sixth grade Xiaoma students graally overcome the shortcomings of playfulness and playfulness, made progress in their studies and wore red scarves.

中文翻譯：

一九六零年十月以後，雷鋒先後擔任了撫順市建設街小學（即如今的雷鋒小學）和本溪路小學校外輔導員。

雷鋒平時工作學習都很忙，他只能利用午休時間或風雨天不能出車的日子請假到學校去找教師，同學談心，或進行其他輔導活動。

他善於團結小朋友，啟發他們好好學習，天天向上。建設路小學六年級的小馬同學就是經過雷鋒的耐心教導，逐漸克服了愛玩、愛鬧的缺點，學習取得進步，並佩戴上了紅領巾。

5、團結友愛

英文版：

Lei Feng often takes out his books for everyone to study, known as the "small Lei Feng library". He helped comrades learn knowledge. His classmate, Qiao An Shan, was not well ecated. Lei Feng taught him how to read and how to do arithmetic.

His classmate, Xiao Zhou's father, was seriously ill. When Lei Feng knew it, he wrote a letter to his family in the name of Xiao Zhou and sent him another 10 yuan. His comrade-in-arms, Han, burned several holes in sulphuric acid when he got out of the car at night.

When Lei Feng came back on ty and found out, he took off his hat and patched his trousers needle by needle for Han and gently covered him. Qiao Anshan, who knew the situation, said, "Lei Feng has not slept for half a night to make up your trousers."

中文翻譯：

雷鋒經常把自己的藏書拿出來供大家學習，被人們稱為「小小的雷鋒圖書館」。他幫助同志學習知識，同班戰友喬安山文化程度低，雷鋒就手把手地教他認字，學算術。

同班戰友小周父親得了重病，雷鋒知道後，以小周的名義給家裡寫了信又寄去10元錢。戰友小韓在夜裡的出車中棉褲被硫酸水燒了幾個洞。

雷鋒值班回來發現後，把自己的帽子拆下來一針一針地為小韓補好褲子，輕輕地蓋在他身上。知道這個情況的喬安山說：「為了給你補褲子，雷鋒半宿都沒睡！」

(3)故事有什麼人物英語擴展閱讀：

民國二十九年（1940年）12月18，雷鋒在湖南長沙雷鋒鎮簡家塘一戶貧苦農民家裡出生。1954年加入中國少年先鋒隊，1960年參加中國人民解放軍，同年11月加入中國共產黨。1962年8月15日，雷鋒因公殉職，年僅22歲。

雷鋒對後世影響最大的是以其名字命名的雷鋒精神，雷鋒精神是指以雷鋒的無私奉獻精神為基本內涵，在實踐中不斷豐富和發展著的革命精神。它影響了後來一代一代的中國人。

雷鋒精神實質和核心是全心全意為人民服務，為了人民的事業無私奉獻，它已經成為我們這個時代精神文明的同義語、先進文化的表徵。

周總理把雷鋒精神全面而精闢地概括為「愛憎分明的階級立場、言行一致的革命精神、公而忘私的共產主義風格、奮不顧身的無產階級鬥志」。

On December 18, 1940, Lei Feng was born in the family of a poor peasant in Jianjiatang, Leifeng Town, Changsha, Hunan Province. He joined the Chinese Young Pioneers in 1954, the Chinese People's Liberation Army in 1960 and the Communist Party of China in November of the same year. In August 15, 1962, Lei Feng died in office on the age of 22.

Lei Feng's spirit, named after him, is the most influential one. Lei Feng's spirit refers to the revolutionary spirit which is constantly enriched and developed in practice with Lei Feng's selfless dedication as its basic connotation. It influenced the Chinese people from generation to generation.

The essence and core of Lei Feng's spirit is to serve the people wholeheartedly and selflessly for the cause of the people. It has become a synonym of spiritual civilization and a symbol of advanced culture in our times.

Premier Zhou summed up Lei Feng's spirit comprehensively and incisively as "the distinct class standpoint of love and hate, the revolutionary spirit of unity of words and deeds, the communist style of public selflessness, and the proletarian fighting spirit of desperation".

4. 鑻辮鏁呬簨鍚嶅拰鏁呬簨浜虹墿鎻忓啓

鍏ㄩ兘鏄鎴戜竴涓涓涓鎵撲笂鍘葷殑錛屼竴瀹氳板緱緇欏垎鍟婏紒

Romance of the Three Kingdoms 銆婁笁鍥芥紨涔夈

Cao Cao, who declared himself the Prime Minister, led his troops to attack southern China after uniting the north. At Xinye, he was defeated twice by Liu Bei鈥檚 forces but Liu Bei lost Xinye and had to move to Jingzhou. Unfortunately, Liu Biao had died by then and left Jingzhou split between his two sons Liu Qi and Liu Cong. Liu Bei led the civilians of Xinye to Xiangyang, where Liu Cong ruled but Liu Bei was denied entry. Liu Cong later surrendered to Cao Cao, and Liu Bei had no choice but to move to Jiangxia where Liu Qi ruled. On the way, Liu Bei and the civilians were pursued by Cao Cao鈥檚 troops and several innocent civilians were killed. Liu Bei and his men managed to reach Jiangxia where he established a strong foothold against Cao Cao鈥檚 invasion.

Dream of the Red Chamber 銆婄孩妤兼ⅵ銆

Jia Baoyu (璐懼疂鐜) 鈥 (also Pao-Yu) the main protagonist. The adolescent son of Jia Zheng (璐炬斂) and his wife, Lady Wang (鐜嬪か浜). Born with a piece of luminescent jade in his mouth (the Stone), Baoyu is the heir apparent to the Rongguo line (鑽ｅ浗搴). Frowned on by his strict Confucian father, Baoyu reads Zhuangzi and Romance of the West Chamber rather than the Four Books basic to a classic Chinese ecation. Baoyu is highly intelligent, but hates the fawning bureaucrats that frequent his father's house. He shuns usual men, considering them morally and spiritually inferior to women. Sensitive and compassionate, Baoyu holds the view that "girls are in essence pure as water, and men are in essence muddled as mud." The book even indicates that he has had sexual affairs with some of his maids including Xiren, as well as romantic relationships with men.
Lin Daiyu (鏋楅粵鐜) 鈥 Jia Baoyu's younger first cousin and his primary love interest. She is the daughter of Lin Ruhai (鏋楀傛搗), a Yangzhou scholar-official, and Lady Jia Min (璐炬晱), Baoyu's paternal aunt. She is thin, sickly but is beautiful in a way that is unconventional. She also suffers from a respiratory ailment which makes her cough. The novel proper starts in Chapter 3 with Daiyu's arrival at the Rong-guo House shortly after the death of her mother. Fragile emotionally, prone to fits of jealousy, Daiyu is nevertheless an extremely accomplished poet and musician. The novel designates her one of the Jinling Twelve Women, and describes her as a lonely, proud and ultimately tragic figure. Daiyu is the reincarnation of the Crimson Pearl Flower, and the purpose of her mortal birth is to repay the water that Baoyu watered as her tears to Baoyu.
Xue Baochai (鍚涘疂閽) 鈥 (Precious Chai) Jia Baoyu's other first cousin. The only daughter of Aunt Xue (鍚涘Ж濡), sister to Baoyu's mother, Baochai is a foil to Daiyu. Where Daiyu is unconventional and hypersensitive, Baochai is sensible and tactful: a model Chinese feudal maiden. The novel describes her as beautiful and intelligent, but also reserved and follows the rules of decorum. Although reluctant to show the extent of her knowledge, Baochai seems to be quite learned about everything, from Buddhist teachings to how not to make a paint plate crack. She is not keen on decorating her room and herself elaborately. The novel describes her room as being completely free of decorations apart from a small vase of chrysanthemums. Baochai has a round face, fair skin, large eyes, and, some would say, a voluptuous figure in contrast to Daiyu's willowy daintiness. Baochai carries a golden locket with her which contains words given to her in childhood by a Buddhist monk. Baochai's golden locket and Baoyu's jade contain inscriptions that appear to complement one another perfectly. Their marriage is seen in the book as predestined.

Heroes of the Marshes 銆婃按嫻掍紶銆

Cross Slope is the stronghold in Mengzhou. Sun Er'niang's father was once the famous gambler in Bianliang of Dongjing. Many years ago, his wife was killed for his fight with the other gambler Tou Tuo. From then on, he refrains from gambling and opens this small hotel with his daughter, so as to wait for his personal enemy' appearance.

In the past ten years, Sun Er'niang has followed her father traveling around. She is called fierce lady with shrewish, smart and capable characteristics.

Zhang Qing, who killed a person accidentally, flees to this small hotel. Sun Er'niang's father takes him in but his daughter often quarrels with Zhang Qing.

Lv Huaicheng, penal head in Mengzhou, who has evidence of the illegal trade between Sun Er'niang's father and salt dealer, wants to take the hotel as his own. He tries to kill Sun Er'niang' father with trick, in the meanwhile, Sun' personal enemy appeared. In order to revenge, Sun Er鈥檔iang persuades Zhang Qing to help her and allies with Shi Duzi from Liangshan Mountain to fight Tou Tuo and Lv Huaicheng and then wined over.

From then on, Sun Er'niang and Zhang Qing set up Baozi restaurant with prosperous business.

The True Story of Ah Q 銆婇樋Q姝ｄ紶銆

Ah Q is known for deluding himself into believing he is the victor every time he loses a fight. In one scene, Ah Q is beaten and his silver is stolen. He slaps himself on the face, and because he is the person doing the slapping, he sees himself as the victor. This deep-rooted need to maintain a victorious status even when actually defeated shows the Chinese obsession with maintaining a good appearance to all outsiders to be ridiculous at times.

When Mr. Zhao, an honored landlord of the village, beats Ah Q in a fight, Ah Q considers himself important for having even a tiny association with such a person. Though some villagers suspect Ah Q may have no true association with Mr. Zhao, they do not question the matter closely, and instead give Ah Q more respect for a time. This interaction symbolizes China's tradition of group rewards and punishments--guilt or honor by association.

Fortress Besieged 銆婂洿鎴愩

Set in the 1930s it follows the misadventures of Fang Hung-chien (Fang Hongjian), a bumbling everyman who wastes his time studying abroad, and secures a fake degree when learning he has run out of money and must return home to China. The first part of the novel is set on the boat home, where Fang courts two young ladies.

Fang was the son of a country gentleman. A marriage had been arranged for him while at university, but the intended wife died before he could see her. After completing a degree in Chinese literature, he went to Europe where he studied at several universities without pursuing a degree. After being pressured by his family, he bought a fake degree from an American Irishman.

Analects of Confucius 銆婅鴻銆

The Analects were written over a period of 30 to 50 years. Begun some time ring the Spring and Autumn Period, the work was probably finished ring the Warring States Period, though the exact publication date of the first complete Analects cannot be pinpointed. Much as the Republic purports to be a collection of Socrates' discussions but actually contains original material from his disciple Plato, the Analects were almost certainly penned and compiled by disciples and second-generation disciples of Confucius, albeit being mostly about Confucius himself and his thought

The Books of Songs 銆婅瘲緇忋

It was said that the poems in Shijing could all be sung as songs. According to the tunes they were sung by, the poems were divided into three categories, namely, Feng (Ballads), Ya (Festal Odes), and Song (Sacrificial Songs). Feng consists of 160 poems , including those of 15 countries and areas. They are: Zhounan (Zhou and the south) , Shaonan, Bei, Yong, Wei (ÎÀ), Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei (κ), Tang, Qin, Chen, Gui, Cao and Bin. Most of the poems in Feng are folk songs from along the Yellow River. Only a few of them are works of the nobles. Ya consists of 105 poems which are divided into Xiaoya (The Minor Festal Odes) and Daya (The Major Festal Odes). The poems in Ya are basically written by the nobles. Song consists of 40 poems including the sacrificial hymns and songs in the courts of Zhou, Lu and Shang.

the Classic of Mountains and Rivers銆婂北嫻風粡銆

Traditionally ascribed to the mythical figure Yu the Great, The Classic of Mountains and Seas (third century B.C. to second century A.D.) brings together a treasure trove of rare data and colorful fiction about the mythical figures, rituals, medicine, natural history, and ethnic peoples of the ancient world. The Classic narrates episodes of 204 mythical figures, notably the gods Foremost, Fond Care, and Yellow, and goddesses like the fearsome Queen Mother of the West and the doomed Girl Lovely, the nurturing solar and lunar goddesses, and many others unknown outside this text. This eclectic work also contains crucial information on early medicine (with cures for impotence and infertility), omens to avert catastrophe, rites of sacrifice, and familiar and unidentified plants and animals. In sum, the Classic is a spectacular guided tour of the known world in antiquity, moving outward from the famous mountains of central China to the lands "beyond the seas."

the Romance of West Chamber銆婅タ鍘㈣般

The Romance of the Western Chamber tells that a young scholar Zhang Sheng went to the capital city to take the highest imperial examination. When he stayed in a temple, he met Cui Yingying, daughter of the then Prime Minister and fell in love with her. At that time, a group of robbers besieged them. Yingying's mother declared that she would marry her daughter to whoever could save them. Zhang Sheng managed to do that with his friend's help. But her mother refused to keep her words because he was poor. However, Yingying and Zhang Sheng loved each other very much. With the help of Hong Niang, Yingying's maid, they broke the traditional barrier.

the Spring and Autumn Annals 銆婃槬縐嬨

In early China, "spring and autumn" was a commonly used metonymy for the year as a whole, and the phrase was used as a title for the chronicles of several Chinese states ring this period. For examples, the chapter of Obvious Existence of Ghosts in the Mozi refers to numerous Spring and Autumn Annals of Zhou, Yan, Song and Qi. All these texts are now lost; only the chronicle of the State of Lu has survived.